The former player: 'I really hoped to continue my rugby career'
Important note: This article contains descriptions of racially offensive comments and behaviour
Ex-England player Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to reveal racial discrimination in professional rugby led his career to an early conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the game, displaying Whatsapp messages and remembering training ground "comments" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to retire because of what occurred," he explained to reporters.
"I really hoped to continue playing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were investigations underway.
"This situation was challenging - I had to just accept the fate and accept that this entire situation is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "likely correct", but stated it could not collect enough evidence to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly overlooked for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told journalists he also encountered discrimination within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him win 15 caps after his first game in 2014.
"I have had several traumatic experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Some discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the issue that I've personally suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a extended period you just learn to believe that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was eventually motivated to speak out after a fellow player at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the elite game and to the implementation of an action plan for the elite level."
"The organization has placed significant attention on diversity and diversity in rugby union and a great deal of work undertaken both prior and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"We are ongoing work with teams and stakeholders in the elite level to work for a environment of inclusivity but recognize this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
Every Premiership and PWR club now has in-person education on creating welcoming environments, with its success tracked via specific documentation and feedback.
All England athletes, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to intervene and protect others from harmful behaviour.
"You be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this effect on you and finished your playing days, but in our view, you have done so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died soon after the production of the film, and his sister passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in his hometown, continues his work to make the game more open.
His 12 Foundation works to reach children in disadvantaged communities and support them thrive both on the field with free sports training, guidance and nutrition education.
"My intentions are genuine, I want to see the progress of the game and if nobody else is willing to share their story then I'll continue to advocate for that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the longer I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable fellow players will feel about discussing their own experiences as well.
"I need to take the challenge by the opportunity and keep carrying this flag and continue supporting this weight and accomplish what I can to develop opportunities and make the sport more attractive and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly think that rugby has the potential to change their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in late 2022